Saturday, May 6, 2017

ETHICAL, SOCIAL AND LEGAL ISSUES

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

- refers to creations of mind, original creative works from creator
e.g: software, applications, systems, etc

➤COPYRIGHTS

exclusive right given to the owner of copyright for a specific period
permission must be obtained to use copyrighted material (and pay any required fee)

➤TRADEMARKS

used as a marketing tool to enable customers in recognizing the product of a particular trader
includes words, logos, pictures, names, letters, numbers or a combination of these

➤PATENTS

exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something
offers a new technical solution to a problem

CYBER LAWS IN MALAYSIA

Since 1997, some of the cyber laws that have been passed by our Parliament include:

1. the Digital Signature Act 1997,

2. the Computer Crimes Act 1997,

3. the Copyright (Amendment) Act 1997, (also read Copyright Act 1987)

4. the Telemedicine Act 1997,

5. the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998,

6. the Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998, and

7. the Electronic Commerce Act 2006.

http://malaysiancyberwarriors.blogspot.my/2013/03/introduction-of-cyber-law-acts-in.html

SOFTWARE PIRACY AND DIGITAL COUNTERFEITING

Creating duplicates of software/digital items and then selling/using them as authentic items

Wednesday, May 3, 2017

NETWORK AND COMPUTER SECURITY

NETWORK SECURITY CERTIFICATE
SSL or Secure Socket Layer certificates
• allows secure connections from a web server to a browser
• when installed on a web server, it activates the padlock and the https protocol
• SSL is used to secure credit card transactions, data transfer and logins

Phishing and Web Spoofing

Image result for phishing and web spoofing

Image result for phishing and web spoofing

Image result for difference between phishing and web spoofing

PHISHING
- Attacks are performed with the intention to acquire personal information like credit card numbers, bank account, etc.
- The recipients are encouraged to enter personal identification data.

WEB SPOOFING
- Mocking the web presences of trusted corporations with the intention to trick customers.
- Use convincing websites, email designs and URLs

DESKTOP SECURITY ISSUES

Difference between Adware and Spyware
http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/spyware.asp

Adware - Programs used to deliver advertising contents.
- Visible to the user, experienced to be annoying

Spyware - Intends to remain unrecognized.
- Used to gather personal info like login details, etc.
- Spyware monitors the user’s activities and scan the system.

Viruses - Attached to executable files or documents
- Spread through sharing of infected files or sending emails with viruses contained in the attachment
- Some can cause further damage to the systems

Worms - Replicate or copy themselves

Trojan Horses - Do not replicate themselves but typically cause damage or compromise of security of infected computers
- Appears to be useful software and often offer the pretended useful functionality
- Damage caused varies – include data theft and destruction or illegitimate access

Related image

Image result for adware, spyware, trojan horses, viruses and worms

TYPES OF ANTI-VIRUS SOFTWARE
Image result for types of anti virus

BASIC WEB DEVELOPMENT

WHAT IS HTML???
HTML is an acronym for HyperText Markup Language

to tag various parts of Web document so browsing software will know hot to display that document's link, media, text, graphic and attached file.

HTML FILES

is a text file containing small markup tags
markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
must have htm or html file extension https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-html-and-a-htm-page
can be created using simple text editor

EXAMPLE:

HTML: HEAD, TITLE, BODY

<html>

<head>

<title>Title of page</title>

</head>

<body>This is my first

homepage.

</body>

</html>

HEADING

<BODY>

<H1>Level 1 Heading</H1>

<H2>Level 2 Heading</H2>

<H3>Level 3 Heading</H3>

<H4>Level 4 Heading</H4>

<H5>Level 5 Heading</H5>

<H6>Level 6 Heading</H6>

</BODY>

Level 1 Heading

Level 2 Heading

Level 3 Heading

Level 4 Heading

Level 5 Heading

Level 6 Heading

Thursday, April 20, 2017

EMAIL

EMAIL : a mail, but is sent electronically across the Internet.
- quickly delivered in seconds or minutes

Image result for advantages and disadvantages of email

EMAIL ADDRESS
- user@host
e.g : nnaliah@utm.my

"utm.my" is the domain name of the mail server which handles the recipient's email
"nnaliah" is the username of the recipient
separated by "@"

EMAIL CLIENT AND SERVER

Email-client = software/program that can transfer email from a local host to a local email server

Email-server = software/program that can send and receive email from or to other email servers

Mailbox = a disk file which holds email messages

CC AND BCC

cc (carbon copy section) - send a message to more than 1 person - all the recipients will see the list of email addresses

bcc (blind carbon copy section) - email is sent to a large group of people who do not know each other - addresses won't be seen by the recipients

ATTACHMENT = MIME (MULTIPURPOSE INTERNET MAIL EXTENSION)

- non-ASCII data is converted into ASCII for transmission and then converted back at the receiver

- associated with multimedia

- additional hardware and helper software are required

How Does Email Works???

IMAP (INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL)

- to work with email from multiple computers

- messages are displayed on local computers and stored on the email server

= you can work with all your mail, old and new, from any computer connected to the Internet, as long as the mail servers are running

HTTP (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

- allowing mail to be delivered in a web page format

BOUNCED BACK EMAIL ⇨ bad user account name

⇨ bad domain name

⇨ domain name server is down for several days

⇨ some other malfunction (email is too big)

SPAM MAILS!!!

may contain disguised links leads to phishing websites or sites that are hosting malware

INTERNET APPLICATION

COMMUNICATION

⇙ ⇘

synchronous application asynchronous application

communication that is occuring at the communication that is not occuring at the same

same time time

e.g : chatrooms or online conferences e.g : discussion forums and emails

Image result for pros and cons of asynchronous learning

ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

= students participate actively in their learning

= allow students to interact, provide feedback and reflect on their learning process

= contributes to students overall learning goals and outcomes

OTHER APPLICATIONS = WebTV/IPTV (youtube, UTMotion)

= podcast

= social networking

Thursday, March 30, 2017

WEB SEARCHING

Web Searching : An act of looking for information in computer databases or network
⇘
4 types: 1) Directories → web guide (hierarchical representation of hyperlinks)
→ enormous collection links to sites, arranged in different categories
→ top level = wide range of very general topics
→ each topic contains hyperlinks of more specialized subtopic

* popular directories
https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/how-to/2048976/major-search-engines-directories

Image result for popular directories

2) Search Engines → computer program that allows users to submit query that consists of
word or phrase and searches databases

3) Meta-search Engines → use of more than one other search engine to complete the search
→ the results are ranked according to how well they match with
the query
→ Adv : a single query can access lot of search engines
Disadv : a lot of matches will not be suitable for you

4) Yellow Pages → allows users to lookup information about individuals
→ to track down telephone numbers, email addresses
→ contain certain information about businesses

Web Browser : Can be defined as a soft ware application used to locate and display web

* popular browser
http://www.techradar.com/news/software/applications/best-browser-which-should-you-be-using-932466

Searching Technique :

Pattern Matching Queries (Fuzzy Query)

- can enter ''ungrammatical sentence'', ''incomplete sentence fragments''. ''nonsence words''

- search engines gets collection of keywords

- required keyword "+"

- prohibited keyword "-"

Boolean Queries

- query that consists keywords but with logical operators (AND, OR, NOT)

Find a search engine that meet these conditions: - user-friendly interface

- easy-to-understand documentation

- convenient to access

- a large indexed database

SEARCHING......

= user interface : allows to type a query and displays the results

= searcher : engine searches the database for matching your query

= evaluator : engine assigns scores to the retrieved information

= gatherer : component that travels the WEB and collects information

= indexer : engine that categorizes that data collected by the gatherer

Web Resource Evaluation

Evaluation Criteria ⇒ Authority

⇒ Accuracy

⇒ Objectivity

⇒ Currency

⇒ Coverage

Monday, March 20, 2017

INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE

INTERNET : Interconnected computer work by transmitting data through a special type of packet
switching which is known as Internet Protocol (IP).

Internet vs World Wide Web (WWW) ⇒ accessing information over the medium of the internet
⇓
- connects millions of computers together globally
- forming a network: any computer can communicate with any other computer

Hierarchy of Network

Image result for hierarchy of network

From single computer to LAN
From LAN to ISP (Internet Service Provider)
From ISP to WWW

* ISP also known as IAP (Internet Access Provider)

* example of ISP: TM

Internet Protocol (IP Address)

- unique identifying number in every machine on the internet

- language that computers used to communicate over the internet

- normally expressed in decimal format to make easier to remember

e.g: 216.27.61.137

216: area or location of network (e.g: UTM)

27: server no.

61: division or unit no. (e.g: FP)

137: computer no.

Domain Name System

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and

what actions Web servers and browsers should take in

response to various command

Type of Internet Connection and Access

Dial Connection - used with home computers
Cable - used a direct connection (e.g: office)
Satellite Internet Access - required transceiver satellite to receive and transmit data
Fixed Wireless - used in radio transmission tower (same as satellite internet)
Broadband - transmits data digitally, modem or similar device required to translate data packages
Mobile Wireless - virtually anywhere cellular phone service available